Some linguistic origins of hospitality

Guaka — Thu, 11 Oct 2012 17:01:59 +0000

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Yesterday I met up with Paxus and we had a chat about many things. Naturally CouchSurfing and its B C corporatization was one of them. It reminded me I had to post something about the origins of hospitality.

Since 2007 I prefer to host and be a guest through BeWelcome (since 2007). I've been hosting and staying with people through online hospitality networks since 2004 though. I've hosted people and stay with people before that as well though, usually because they were friends or friends or friends. Servas goes back a bit more and has been around since 1949. And hospitality is usually thought of as a very common concept in the Islamic world (6th century). It goes back way further than that still.

Through my interest in languages I came across an excellent book about the origins of Indo-European languages, "The Horse the Wheel and Language", where I found some more information about the origins of the words "guest" and "host":

The Yamnaya horizon is the visible archaeological expression of a social adjustment to high mobility - the invention of the political infrastructure to manage larger herds from mobile homes based in the steppes. A linguistic echo of the same event might be preserved in the similarity between English guest and host. They are cognates, derived from one Proto-Indo-European root (*ghos-ti-). (A "ghost" in English was originally a visitor or guest.) The two social roles opposed in English guest and host were originally two reciprocal aspects of the same relationship. The late Proto-Indo-European guest-host relationship required that "hospitality" (from the same root through Latin hospes 'foreigner, guest') and "friendship" (*keiwos-) should be extended by hosts to guests (both *ghos-ti-), in the knowledge that the receiver and giver of "hospitality" could later reverse roles. The social meaning of these words was then more demanding than modern customs would suggest. The guest-host relationship was bound by oaths and sacrifices so serious that Homer's warriors, Glaukos and Diomedes, stopped fighting and presented gifts to each other when they learned that their grandfathers had shared a guest-host relationship. This mutual obligation to provide "hospitality" functioned as a bridge be- tween social units (tribes, clans) that had ordinarily restricted these obligations to their kin or co-residents (*h,fr6s-). Guest-host relationships would have been very useful in a mobile herding economy, as a way of separating people who were moving through your territory with your assent from those who were unwelcome, unregulated, and therefore unprotected. The guest-host institution might have been among the critical identity - defining innovations that spread with the Yamnaya horizon.

Learning another language

Guaka — Tue, 01 Feb 2005 03:36:57 +0000

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It is interesting to be in a country with 11 national languages besides the official language, and these are only the biggest language groups. So many languages makes French actually much more neutral than one would think at first regard. I haven’t been studying Bambara as much as I wanted. Bambara is, surprise suprise, the language of the Bambara, comprising 30% of the population, and Mali’s lingua franca spoken by about 80%. Many think learning languages is difficult. I think it isn’t. If you know how to read and don’t feel too scared to start with actually practicing the very little knowledge you have when there is an opportunity it’s not so difficult, as others have come to realise. The problem with many African languages is, however, that there isn’t actually a lot to read. And reading is one of the best ways to start when learning a language... Though here I must confess that I haven’t checked out Bamako’s bookstores yet, in which I hope to find some bilingual French-Bambara books. Wikipedia is a perfect tool for learning languages. Not only can you look up an article - which should be much quicker, and actually can be much quicker thanks to Wik2dict - you can also contribute to Wikipedia while learning! I think a great way to learn a language is to actually write - once you reach a sufficient level to actually use a dictionary and conjugation system you can start trying conveying your ideas in that language, by writing emails with native speakers and even by actually creating new information! If native speakers can understand what you wrote, they will be tempted to correct your hair rising grammar and spelling errors... And you learn from it! The other way is to participate in adding to the phrasebooks at Wikitravel, or the language courses at Wikibooks instead of making notes nobody will correct or add to...

Guaka! - languages

Some linguistic origins of hospitality

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Learning another language

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